TEXTE DE LUCRU<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gaius 3.128\u2011130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n O obliga\u021bie se contracteaz\u0103 prin \u00eenscris, cum ar fi, la transcrierea crean\u021belor. Iar aceasta se face \u00een dou\u0103 moduri: sau prin trecerea unei presta\u021bii \u00een contul unei persoane sau prin trecerea unui cont de la o persoan\u0103 la alta. Trecerea unei presta\u021bii \u00een contul unei persoane se face,\u00a0e.g.<\/em>, atunci c\u00e2nd ceea ce\u2011mi datorezi tu dintr\u2011o cump\u0103rare, loca\u021biune sau societate, \u021bi\u2011l trec \u021bie la rubrica de ie\u0219iri. Trecerea unui cont de la o persoan\u0103 la alta se face,\u00a0e.g.<\/em>, atunci c\u00e2nd ceea ce\u2011mi datoreaz\u0103 Titius \u00ee\u021bi trec \u021bie la rubrica ie\u0219iri, aceasta \u00eens\u0103 numai dac\u0103 Titius mi te\u2011a delegat \u00een locul s\u0103u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Inst. III.15.2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Orice stipula\u021bie este fie absolut\u0103, fie supus\u0103 unui termen sau unei condi\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Paul, Dig. 44.7.44.1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00cen privin\u021ba termenului, analiza poate fi dubl\u0103: \u00eentr\u2011adev\u0103r, obliga\u021bia \u00eencepe de la un anumit timp sau se termin\u0103 la un anumit moment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Paul, Dig. 45.1.46 pr.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Stipul\u0103m util c\u00e2nd spunem \u201es\u0103 dea \u00een a suta zi\u201d, pentru c\u0103 obliga\u021bia exist\u0103, dar plata \u00eei este am\u00e2nat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Inst. 3.15.2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n [\u2026] Dac\u0103 \u00een stipula\u021bie este specificat un termen, datoria este contractat\u0103 imediat, dar nu se poate cere executarea \u00eenainte de termen; plata nu se poate cere nici chiar \u00een ziua \u00een care s\u2011a \u00eencheiat stipula\u021bia, deoarece debitorul are la dispozi\u021bia sa ziua \u00eentreag\u0103 pentru a se face plata, \u00eentruc\u00e2t nu este cert c\u0103 n\u2011a pl\u0103tit \u00een ziua stabilit\u0103 dac\u0103 ziua nu s\u2011a scurs \u00een \u00eentregime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ulpian, Dig. 45.1.41.1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Dac\u0103 ziua obliga\u021biei nu este indicat\u0103, banii sunt datora\u021bi \u00een chiar ziua (\u00eencheierii contractului), dac\u0103 nu cumva locul execut\u0103rii nu induce un interval de timp pentru a ajunge acolo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ulpian, Dig. 45.1.41.1 in fine<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Termenul are \u00een realitate efectul ca suma s\u0103 nu fie datorat\u0103 \u00een aceea\u0219i zi; de unde rezult\u0103 c\u0103 termenul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een beneficiul debitorului \u0219i nu al stipulantului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Inst. 3.15.3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Dac\u0103 tu \u00eenchei urm\u0103toarea obliga\u021bie: \u201ePromi\u021bi s\u0103\u2011mi dai zece bani de aur \u00een fiecare an, c\u00e2t tr\u0103iesc?\u201d, obliga\u021bia se consider\u0103 pur\u0103 \u0219i simpl\u0103 \u0219i nelimitat\u0103 \u00een timp, pentru c\u0103 o datorie nu poate fi \u00eencheiat\u0103 ca s\u0103 dureze numai o anumit\u0103 perioad\u0103. Dac\u0103 mo\u0219tenitorul t\u0103u \u00eens\u0103 nu recunoa\u0219te datoria, preten\u021bia lui poate fi respins\u0103 \u00een temeiul conven\u021biei \u00eencheiate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Inst. 3.15.4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n O stipula\u021bie este condi\u021bional\u0103 c\u00e2nd obliga\u021bia produce efect legat de un anumit eveniment, \u00eenc\u00e2t stipula\u021bia intr\u0103 \u00een vigoare dac\u0103 ceva se realizeaz\u0103 sau nu se realizeaz\u0103, ca de exemplu: \u201eDac\u0103 Titius va fi ales consul, promi\u021bi c\u0103\u2011mi vei da cinci bani de aur?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pomponius, Dig. 44.7.8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Obliga\u021bia contractat\u0103 sub condi\u021bia \u201edac\u0103 voi vrea\u201d nu este c\u00e2tu\u0219i de pu\u021bin o obliga\u021bie, pentru c\u0103 se consider\u0103 c\u0103 nu ai promis ceea ce nu vei putea fi for\u021bat s\u0103 dai, mai ales c\u0103 nu poate fi silit nici eredele t\u0103u; aceast\u0103 promisiune nu fusese obligatorie niciodat\u0103, nici m\u0103car pentru tine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Inst. 3.15.7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nu numai lucrurile pot alc\u0103tui subiectul unei stipula\u021bii dar \u0219i diverse activit\u0103\u021bi, ca \u00een cazul \u00een care stipul\u0103m ca ceva s\u0103 fie f\u0103cut sau s\u0103 nu fie f\u0103cut. \u00cen stipula\u021biile de acest fel este foarte indicat s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 o clauz\u0103 penal\u0103, al c\u0103rei cuantum s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 neprecizat, dar care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie stabilit de reclamant \u00een conformitate cu interesul ce i\u2011a fost lezat. A\u0219a, dac\u0103 o persoan\u0103 stipuleaz\u0103 ca s\u0103 fie f\u0103cut ceva, ea trebuie s\u0103 adauge o clauz\u0103 penal\u0103: \u201eDac\u0103 nu faci, promi\u021bi s\u0103 pl\u0103te\u0219ti zece bani de aur drept amend\u0103?\u201d Dac\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 stipula\u021bia cuprinde \u00een unul \u0219i acela\u0219i contract lucruri care s\u0103 fie f\u0103cute \u0219i lucruri care s\u0103 nu fie f\u0103cute, clauza penal\u0103 va fi aceasta: \u201eDac\u0103 ceva este f\u0103cut \u00eempotriva a ceea ce a fost stipulat sau ceva n\u2011a fost f\u0103cut dup\u0103 cum s\u2011a stipulat, atunci promi\u021bi s\u0103 pl\u0103te\u0219ti ca amend\u0103 zece bani de aur?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ulpian, Dig. 50.16.176<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Cuv\u00e2ntul \u201eplat\u0103\u201d desemneaz\u0103 \u0219i executarea oric\u0103rei presta\u021bii. Spunem c\u0103 \u201epl\u0103te\u0219te\u201d despre cel care face ceea ce a promis s\u0103 fac\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ulpian, Dig. 41.3.31<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00centre me\u0219te\u0219ugari exist\u0103 mari diferen\u021be de talent, natur\u0103, instruire \u0219i metod\u0103. Astfel, dac\u0103 cineva a promis s\u0103 fabrice el \u00eensu\u0219i o nav\u0103 sau s\u0103 ridice o cas\u0103 sau s\u0103 sape un \u0219an\u021b \u0219i dac\u0103 se convenise c\u0103 va face el \u00eensu\u0219i munca, ter\u021ba persoan\u0103 care va construi sau va s\u0103pa el \u00eensu\u0219i \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul creditorului nu\u2011l va libera pe debitor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gaius 2.38<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Obliga\u021biile, \u00een orice mod ar fi contractate, nu permit nimic din toate acestea. De exemplu, dac\u0103 eu a\u0219 vrea ca ceea ce mi se datoreaz\u0103 mie de c\u0103tre cineva s\u0103\u2011\u021bi fie datorat \u021bie, nu pot face aceasta prin niciunul din cele moduri prin care se transmit altuia bunurile corporale, ci este necesar ca, la ordinul meu, s\u0103 stipulezi tu de la acela; aceasta face ca el s\u0103 fie eliberat de obliga\u021bia c\u0103tre mine \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 a fi obligat fa\u021b\u0103 de tine; procedeul acesta poart\u0103 numele de nova\u021bie a obliga\u021biei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" TEXTE DE LUCRU Gaius 3.128\u2011130 O obliga\u021bie se contracteaz\u0103 prin \u00eenscris, cum ar fi, la transcrierea crean\u021belor. Iar aceasta se face \u00een dou\u0103 moduri: sau prin trecerea unei presta\u021bii \u00een contul unei persoane sau prin trecerea unui cont de la o persoan\u0103 la alta. Trecerea unei presta\u021bii \u00een contul unei persoane se face,\u00a0e.g., atunci c\u00e2nd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":609,"menu_order":14,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1939","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dreptroman.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1939","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dreptroman.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dreptroman.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dreptroman.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dreptroman.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1939"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/dreptroman.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1939\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4367,"href":"https:\/\/dreptroman.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1939\/revisions\/4367"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dreptroman.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dreptroman.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1939"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}